What do we currently know about the health risks and benefits of hormone therapy?

For decades, there has been ongoing debate about hormone therapy and its potential health effects, risks, and side effects. In 2002, a study conducted by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) raised concerns and caused widespread confusion.

The study suggested that HRT could have negative health consequences, such as an increased risk of breast cancer. This led to negative media coverage and a period of scepticism surrounding hormone treatments.

However, more recent research paints a different picture. There is now growing evidence to suggest that the risks are not as severe as the WHI study initially indicated. Current studies show that HRT is a safe and effective treatment for most women experiencing menopausal symptoms. In fact, it may even provide various health benefits.

Research indicates that HRT not only alleviates menopausal symptoms but may also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Experts regard HRT as the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms.

Additionally, the medication has become much more advanced and refined. Doctors and researchers agree that HRT can be used safely and effectively by most women, particularly if started early.

Leading organisations, such as The Menopause Society, recommend the treatment as the best option for vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes, during menopause. Symptoms can begin to improve within just a few days.

Are there no risks at all? Not entirely. According to researchers, weighing the risks and benefits remains a complex process.

For women who begin HRT later in life, there are indeed greater risks (such as an increased risk of breast cancer, uterine cancer, and a slightly higher risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke). Experts emphasise this point. By later in life, the body has already adjusted to lower hormone levels. For women over 60, the disadvantages often outweigh the benefits.