Oedema is the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues. Normally, this fluid is drained through the lymphatic system. However, it can happen that fluid leaks from the blood vessels and accumulates in the surrounding tissue. When your hormonal balance changes during menopause, it can affect how your body manages (excess) fluid.
The decline in progesterone relative to oestrogen plays a significant role. If progesterone production (which normally counterbalances oestrogen) decreases faster than oestrogen production, it leads to oestrogen dominance. This is particularly common during perimenopause. Oestrogen causes your body to retain water. At the same time, the decline in oestrogen can affect blood circulation, which can also lead to fluid accumulation in tissues instead of normal drainage through the lymphatic system.
You can identify menopausal oedema by pressing your finger on the swollen area. If a dent forms and takes a few seconds to disappear, it indicates oedema. It is most common in the abdomen and legs but can also occur in the hands, breasts, and face.