What do we know about the risks and benefits of HRT?

During perimenopause, hormones begin to fluctuate and oestrogen and progesterone levels fall, causing symptoms that can range from mild to disruptive. Thankfully, most symptoms can be treated effectively. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is one type of treatment that women can use to manage their symptoms. But what do we know about HRT? Are there any dangers to HRT or is that just a myth? 

HRT under criticism

Hormone therapy and its associated health effects, risks and side effects have been the subject of debate for decades. In 2002, a study conducted by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) caused an uproar in the medical community and confusion among users. 

In the WHI study, HRT was linked to negative health impacts, such as an increased risk of breast cancer. As a result, HRT got a bad rap for quite some time. 

Effective treatment

Recent research has shed new light on the matter. More and more evidence has piled up showing that the risks are not as severe as portrayed by the findings of the WHI study. Newer studies demonstrate that HRT is a safe and effective treatment for menopausal symptoms in the majority of women. In fact, it can offer numerous health benefits.  

There is increasing evidence in the literature that HRT not only reduces the symptoms of menopause, but that it may also lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and various forms of cancer. Currently, HRT is considered the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. 

HRT as first-line treatment

With the progression of science, hormone replacement therapy has been refined over the past years. Doctors and researchers now agree that HRT can be used safely and without risk by most women, especially if you start it when you're relatively younger. 

Leading organisations, including The Menopause Society, endorse HRT as the most effective option for vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats. In as little as a few days of starting HRT, these symptoms may begin to improve. 

Is HRT 100% safe?

Does this mean that hormone therapy is completely safe with no risks whatsoever? No, this is not altogether true. According to researchers, the process of weighing potential health benefits against the risks and side effects remains a complex one.  

Women who start HRT more than 10 years from the onset of menopause have a higher risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer, and a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. The research is clear on this. The phase following menopause is when the body has adjusted to lower hormone levels. So as you get older, particularly after the age of 60, the risks of HRT may start to outweigh the benefits.  

Could hormone therapy be an option for you?

Hormone therapy can ease menopausal symptoms quickly and safely. Many women in menopause say that HRT has vastly improved their quality of life.

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